Cyanidin-3-glucoside protects against high glucose-induced injury in human nucleus pulposus cells by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling

Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is a well-known natural anthocyanin with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we explored the role and action mechanism of C3G in high glucose (HG)-induced damage of human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs). Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. TUNEL assay was performed for detecting apoptotic rate. Western blot was performed to determine the expression levels of cl-caspase-3, caspase-3, Bax, Bim, collagen II, aggrecan, MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS5. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was analyzed using DCFH-DA staining. The Nrf2 was knocked down or overexpressed in HNPCs through transfection with si-Nrf2 or pcDNA3.0-Nrf2. C3G treatment (12.5, 25, and 50 μM) improved cell viability of HNPCs under HG condition. HG-induced cell apoptosis of HNPCs was attenuated by C3G with decreased apoptotic rate and relative levels of cl-caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax, and Bim. C3G treatment caused significant increase in expression levels of collagen II and aggrecan and decrease in the relative levels of MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS5. After treatment with C3G, ROS generation in HNPCs was markedly reduced. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reversed HG-induced cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. C3G treatment induced the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in HG-induced HNPCs. Moreover, knockdown of Nrf2 reversed the inhibitory effect of C3G on ROS production. Summarily, C3G exerted a protective effect on ROS-mediated cellular damage in HNPCs under HG condition, which was attributed to the induction of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.     

肾周脂肪梅奥粘连概率评分系统在肾癌后腹腔镜肾部分切除术中的应用

目的探讨肾周脂肪梅奥粘连概率评分系统（MAP）在肾癌后腹腔镜肾部分切除术中的临床应用价值。 方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年6月徐州医科大学附属淮安医院泌尿外科收治的行后腹腔镜肾部分切除术的153例肾癌患者的临床病例资料。依据MAP评分系统将其分为低度复杂组、中度复杂组和高度复杂组三组。比较各组间的手术时间、术中出血量、术中及术后并发症、术中热缺血时间、术后住院时间及术后血肌酐变化情况。 结果在153例患者中，低度复杂组68例，中度复杂组58例和高度复杂组27例。三组患者在年龄、性别、术前血肌酐水平、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤位置、BMI、RENAL评分等方面差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。随着复杂程度的提高，手术时间、术中出血量也在不断增加（P<0.05）；而术中热缺血时间、术后住院时间及术后血肌酐水平无明显变化（P>0.05）。在术中并发症方面，随着复杂程度的提高，术中并发症的发生率也在增加（P<0.05），且高度复杂组的术后并发症发生风险是低度复杂组的13.895倍（P=0.002)，MAP评分系统预测术中并发症发生的精度较高（AUC=0.757，P=0.002）。但是术后并发症各组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论MAP评分系统在肾癌后腹腔镜肾部分切除术中，对预估手术难度及术中并发症发生风险有较好的临床应用价值。     

Knockdown of DEAD-box 51 inhibits tumor growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via the PI3K/AKT pathway

BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is one of the most prevalent malignancies that seriously threaten people’s health worldwide.DEAD-box helicase 51(DDX51)is a member of the DEAD-box(DDX)RNA helicase family,and drives or inhibits tumor progression in multiple cancer types.AIM To determine whether DDX51 affects the biological behavior of ESCC.METHODS The expression of DDX51 in ESCC tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues was detected by Immunohistochemistry(IHC)analyses and quantitative PCR(qPCR).We knocked down DDX51 in ESCC cell lines by using a small interfering RNA(siRNA)transfection.The proliferation,apoptosis,and mobility of DDX51 siRNAtransfected cells were detected.The effect of DDX51 on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT pathway was investigated by western blot analysis.A mouse xenograft model was established to investigate the effects of DDX51 knockdown on ESCC tumor growth.RESULTS DDX51 exhibited high expression in ESCC tissues compared with normal tissues and represented a poor prognosis in patients with ESCC.Knockdown of DDX51 induced inhibition of ESCC cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis.Moreover,DDX51 siRNA-expressing cells also exhibited lower migration and invasion rates.Investigations into the underlying mechanisms suggested that DDX51 knock down induced inactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway,including decreased phosphorylation levels of phosphate and tensin homolog,PI3K,AKT,and mammalian target of rapamycin.Rescue experiments demonstrated that the AKT activator insulin-like growth factor 1 could reverse the inhibitory effects of DDX51 on ESCC malignant development.Finally,we injected DDX51 siRNA-transfected TE-1 cells into an animal model,which resulted in slower tumor growth.CONCLUSION Our study suggests for the first time that DDX51 promotes cancer cell proliferation by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway;thus,DDX51 might be a therapeutic target for ESCC.     

基于PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路探讨炙甘草汤抗大鼠MIRI致室速和室颤的作用机制

目的:通过磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路,探讨炙甘草汤干预心肌缺血再灌注损伤(MIRI)致心律失常(室速和室颤)的作用及其机制。方法:将72只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,炙甘草汤低、中、高剂量组(11.43,22.86,45.72 g·kg~(-1)),稳心颗粒组(2.43 g·kg~(-1)),连续给药干预10 d。末次给药2 h,采用结扎冠状动脉左前降支法制备大鼠MIRI模型,记录心电图的变化。造模成功后采集血液及心脏组织,检测血清中肌酸肌酶(CK),乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及丙氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的含量;酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测心肌肌钙蛋白(CtnI)的含量;免疫组化法检测心肌PI3K,Akt,mTOR的表达;采用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测心肌自噬相关蛋白微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC-3),自噬标志物Beclin1和PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路相关蛋白表达及磷酸化p-PI3K,p-Akt,p-mTOR的水平。结果:模型组大鼠100%发生室速,91.67%发生室颤;与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠血清CK,LDH,AST以及CtnI的含量显著升高(P0.01),心肌组织中PI3K,Akt,mTOR表达显著升高(P0.01),LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ与Beclin1的相对表达量显著升高(P0.01),p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt,p-mTOR/mTOR显著降低(P0.01);与模型组比较,炙甘草汤高剂量组室速、室颤发生率显著降低(P0.01),较其他给药组持续时间短(P0.01);炙甘草汤高剂量组CK,LDH,AST水平及CtnI含量显著降低(P0.01);炙甘草汤给药组的PI3K,Akt,mTOR的表达随剂量的增加而显著降低(P0.01);LC-3,Beclin1的表达随炙甘草汤各剂量组的增加有不同程度地下降(P0.01),而PI3K/Akt/mTOR相关蛋白表达比值明显升高(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:炙甘草汤预处理能使异常升高的心肌酶CK,LDH,AST,CtnI降低,抑制细胞的过度自噬,上调PI3K,Akt和mTOR的表达,说明炙甘草汤抗MIRI致心律失常的作用可能与PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路有关。     

干扰素在恶性淋巴瘤自体移植后早期干预的应用

目的:观察非霍奇金淋巴瘤（non-Hodgkin's lymphoma，NHL）患者自体造血干细胞移植（autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation，ASCT）术后应用重组人α-2b干扰素（α-2b IFN）进行早期干预治疗的临床疗效。方法:选取18例行ASCT的NHL患者为研究对象，移植前疾病评估均未达到完全缓解（complete remission，CR），试验组血象恢复后给予IFN 3 000 000 U次/隔日干预治疗，3个月后停用；对照组未行干扰素干预治疗，分析总体疗效及两组对比的生存情况。结果:随访中位时间为34（10~50）个月，患者中位生存时间为37（31~45）个月，3年总体无进展生存（progressive free survival，PFS）、总生存（overall survivial，OS）分别为54.7%、66.8%。ASCT后试验组1年内无疾病复发，2年内复发率为12.5%；对照组1年内复发率为20%，2年内复发率为30%。结论:NHL患者在ASCT后给予重组人α-2b IFN早期干预治疗，患者耐受性好，可能降低移植后早期复发率。     

抗PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂的皮肤免疫相关不良反应的研究进展

随着免疫检查点抑制剂（immune checkpoint inhibitors，ICPI）在国内外临床试验和应用中的逐步推广，越来越多的患者从免疫治疗中获得显著的疗效。其中抗程序细胞死亡蛋白1（programmed death-1，PD-1）及其配体（PD-1 ligand，PD-L1）免疫检查点抑制剂已被美国食品药品管理局（FDA）批准用于恶性黑色素瘤、转移性鳞状非小细胞肺癌、晚期肾癌、头颈鳞状细胞癌、尿路上皮癌等肿瘤的治疗。但PD-1/PD-L1单抗也会引起免疫相关性皮肤、消化道、肝脏、内分泌、肺部等器官的不良反应，皮肤毒性如皮疹、白癜风、皮肤干燥症等是最常见也是最早发生的不良反应。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对呼吸道病毒辅助治疗的研究进展和药学监护

目的:采用文献检索的方法对N-乙酰半胱氨酸辅助治疗呼吸道病毒的研究进行汇总分析,评价其有效性与安全性,对现阶段临床辅助治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎提供理论依据和临床证据。方法:以"乙酰半胱氨酸""N-acetylcysteine""流感病毒"为关键词,系统检索CNKI、万方、维普、SinoMed、Pubmed数据库,筛选文章,提取数据,进行分析。结果:共纳入16篇研究论文,包括动物试验、细胞试验以及案例报道,病毒涉及流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒以及腺病毒。N-乙酰半胱氨酸主要通过抑制NF-κB向细胞核的移位和MAPK p38的磷酸化两条途径发挥其抗氧化作用,进而抑制减轻肺组织炎症、肺水肿。结论:相关的细胞研究与动物研究证明N-乙酰半胱氨酸对呼吸道病毒有一定的抑制作用,能够减轻流感和流感样发作。并且由于其良好的祛痰作用,对于新冠肺炎患者症状可能有较好的改善作用。     

PDCA循环在住院患者腕带佩戴管理持续改进中的应用

目的：通过比较PDCA循环在住院患者腕带佩戴管理应用中的前后效果，探讨PDCA循环在住院患者腕带佩戴管理中的应用价值。方法：遵照PDCA循环理论，制定问题改进计划，分析原因、制定查检表找出真因，讨论护理问题，制定对策并实施，及时检查改进效果并分析评价，对存在的问题再找原因、制定对策及评价分析等闭环管理，使护理质量得到持续改进。结果：经过4个月的持续改进住院患者腕带佩戴率由70% 逐步上升至80%、92%、98%、100%，达到预期效果。结论：PDCA循环有助于住院患者腕带佩戴管理的持续改进。